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South Caucasus

The South Caucasus – a region encompassing Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - is one of strategic importance, not only for adjacent countries, such as Turkiye, Russia, Iran and the Central Asian states, but also for neighbours such as the European Union and the GCC states, and globally for the United States, India, China, Pakistan and Japan.

commonspace.eu team brings decades of experience of working in the South Caucasus and we are pleased to share our insights with our loyal readers through the website, and the sister newsletter, Caucasus Concise.

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Azerbaijan and China Forge Defence Ties
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Azerbaijan and China Forge Defence Ties

19 September 2025
At the 12th Beijing Xiangshan Forum, which was held from Wednesday to Friday (17 - 19  September), Azerbaijan’s Defence Minister, Colonel-General Zakir Hasanov, led Baku’s delegation and held high-level discussions with his Chinese counterpart on advancing joint military capabilities.
commonspace.eu
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Opinion
The 3+3 Initiative in Retrospect: A Framework Out of Step with Current Realities
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The 3+3 Initiative in Retrospect: A Framework Out of Step with Current Realities

18 September 2025
On September 8, 2025, during his address at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov discussed the potential revival of the “3+3” format in the South Caucasus while commenting on Russia’s relations with regional countries. He noted that the initiative was initially proposed by Turkey and Azerbaijan and highlighted that it is also supported by Iran, signaling broader regional backing. Lavrov further referenced the trilateral agreement between Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Russia on restoring transport links and welcomed the ongoing process of normalization between Armenia and Turkey.
Beyrak Hajiyev

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Iran says it is ready for full cooperation with Azerbaijan on regional projects
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Iran says it is ready for full cooperation with Azerbaijan on regional projects

25 January 2021
In his current visit to Baku, the Iranian Foreign Minister, Mohammed Javad Zarif,  affirmed the readiness of Iran to actively take part in economic projects in Azerbaijan via Baku's regional cooperation plan. Zarif stressed that Tehran does not consider any limits for cooperation with Baku as he spoke with his Azerbaijani counterpart,  Jeyhun Bayramov. 
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Historic agreement on Caspian Sea co-operation between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan
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Historic agreement on Caspian Sea co-operation between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan

22 January 2021
After years of negotiations, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan have reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of a disputed section of an undersea hydrocarbons field in the Caspian Sea believed to hold extensive energy reserves. President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan and Turkmen president Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov, attended online the signing by their foreign ministers of a memorandum on the mutual intention to jointly explore and develop the Dostlug (Friendship) undersea field.
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EU to Georgia: Sort out your political issues
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EU to Georgia: Sort out your political issues

21 January 2021
EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, "underlined the vital importance of Georgian political parties finding common ground on the current political situation" in a meeting on Thursday (21 January) with visiting Georgian president Salome Zurabishvili.
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Lavrov explains Russia's role in Karabakh
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Lavrov explains Russia's role in Karabakh

19 January 2021
Sergei Lavrov dismissed suggestions that Nagorno-Karabakh be annexed to Russia and said that the status issue needs to be resolved between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Lavrov indicated that there will be a role for the OSCE Minsk Group in resolving the status problem. Lavrov was speaking at the annual marathon new year press conference where he reviewed the work of his ministry in 2020.
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Aliyev: "The great return begins"
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Aliyev: "The great return begins"

16 January 2021
"Azerbaijan faces a big challenge in restoring the territories it has retaken, most of which had been left delipidated for nearly three decades. There is first the task of cleaning the territories from land mines and other unexploded ordinance. Then laying down the infrastructure, such as roads and airports, and of course houses to enable the hundreds of thousands of people displaced in the 1990s and their families, to return. It is a huge task which president Aliyev appears to be cherishing. 'The great return' will dominate his agenda for the years to come".
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Opinion
Opinion: The elusive quest for peace in the Caucasus
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Opinion: The elusive quest for peace in the Caucasus

14 January 2021
Peace in the Caucasus for the last three decades has been elusive, and appears to remain so. Lulls between fighting sometimes offer some respite from the violence, but real peace remains absent. It is now needed more than ever, but the "Pax Putin" is not the solution, argues Dennis Sammut in this op-ed
Dennis Sammut
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