South Caucasus

Russian President Vladimir Putin  remains focused on the "near abroad". Tomorrow and on Monday (21-22 December) Putin will attend a meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and an informal meeting of CIS leaders in St. Petersburg. The Kremlin press service reported that during the EAEU meeting, the leaders plan to discuss current issues related to the EAEU's activities, outline guidelines for further deepening integration processes and developing the Union's single market, and approve a number of significant documents and decisions. Furthermore, at Vladimir Putin's initiative, the traditional informal meeting of the leaders of the Commonwealth of Independent States will take place in St. Petersburg on December 22. The Russian President will also hold bilateral discussions with the leaders of a number of countries.

The year 2025 has ended up being a momentous year for the South Caucasus, writes Dennis Sammut in his Monday Commentary. Armenia-Azerbaijan relations have been redefined, with consequences for the whole region and beyond. That huge development overshadowed key moments in the domestic trajectory of the two countries, which however have deep consequences for the two countries, and even beyond. It has also been a tumultuous year for Georgia too. The country has been gripped in a political crisis throughout 2025, with no obvious end in sight. Whatever the domestic arguments, on the international stage Georgia is today a shadow of what it used to be until recently. It not only has lost the chance of joining the European Union any time soon, but it has also lost its position as the leading South Caucasus country. Today, in the new reality of the region, it lags as a tired third. Important as 2025 was, it ended with a lot of unfinished business. So 2026 will also be crucial for the three countries. Since regaining its statehood in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Armenia-Azerbaijan relations have been defined by war. The two fought open wars, wars of attrition, and propaganda wars, incessantly. Tens of thousands of people lost their lives, and hundreds of thousands were displaced. Many had lost hope that the two could try the alternative – i.e. peaceful co-existence. Yet in 2025 they were proven wrong.