Каспий - это "ни море, ни озеро"

После двадцати лет обсуждений прикаспийские государства соберутся в Актау в воскресенье (12 августа), чтобы подписать новую конвенцию. "Ни то и ни другое. У Каспийского моря будет особый правовой статус. Это объясняется набором специфических географических, гидрологических и иных характеристик. Оно представляет собой внутриконтинентальный водоем, который не имеет прямой связи с Мировым океаном, и поэтому не может рассматриваться в качестве моря. Но одновременно в силу своих размеров, состава воды и особенностей дна Каспий не может считаться и озером. В этой связи к Каспийскому морю не применимы как положения Конвенции ООН по морскому праву 1982 года, так и принципы, используемые в отношении трансграничных озер: на секторы разграничивается только его дно, суверенитет в отношении водной толщи устанавливается на основании других принципов." Об этом заявил заместитель министра иностранных дел России Григорий Карасин в интервью в среду газете «Коммерсант».

Отвечая на вопрос о том, как будет проводиться разграничение на дне Каспийского моря, Карасин сказал, что "Прикаспийские государства уже давно нашли пути урегулирования подобного рода вопросов между соседями - на двусторонней и трехсторонней основе". "На мой взгляд, те соглашения, которые ранее заключили между собой Россия, Казахстан и Азербайджан, а также Казахстан и Туркменистан, могут послужить примером и при делимитации в южной части моря. При этом Конвенция четко фиксирует цели такого разграничения исключительно для недропользования и обязывает стороны проводить его путем переговоров на основе международного права. Прибрежные государства при завершении делимитации получают полную юрисдикцию над ресурсами своего участка дна", сказал заместитель министра иностранных дел России.

Прикаспийскими государствами являются Азербайджан, Иран, Казахстан, Россия и Туркменистан. Пять стран ведут переговоры о правовом статусе Каспия на протяжении последних двадцати лет. Ставки высоки, так как Каспий богат минеральными ресурсами и потенциально является альтернативным путем для выхода энергоресурсов Центральной Азии на мировые рынки в обход России. Обсуждение вопроса о том, является ли Каспий морем или озером, потенциально может иметь последствия как для разделения его ресурсов, так и для доступа к ним третьих стран. Согласно Карасину, формулой, по которой было достигнуто соглашение, является "взаимное уважение интересов, помноженное на чуткость к партнеру по переговорам". Но по мнению многих наблюдателей, проблемы кроются в деталях, и любая работа над соглашением на практике будет сложной.

источник: commonspace.eu

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